Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia

50 years of feminism in Spain and Latin America

2025-06-19T07:57:13+00:00

This special issue addresses the profound changes that feminism and the incorporation of women into the public sphere have brought about in our current world. The issue opens with 15 guest articles written by specialists from different areas of knowledge, different generations, and different geographies. The guest section is structured in three parts: 1) Thought and Language, 2) History and Facts, and 3) Debates. In addition to this content, 9 articles from the special issue are added, and the issue closes with another 9 articles from Tribuna Abierta and the 8 reviews, along with a profile of the Mexican theorist Marcela Lagarde in the "About" section.

Celia Amorós, Mentor of Mentors

2025-03-12T19:16:03+00:00

This article argues and documents two fundamental ideas about Enlightened Feminism: the first is that the research conducted within its theoretical framework has helped to explain the process of emancipation of Spanish women since the Transition to democracy; and the second is that it identifies certain characteristics that run through its history, from its birth in the 18th century to the present day. This has been possible thanks to Celia Amorós whose guidance has trained new mentors.

Amelia Valcárcel (1949): 50 Years of Feminist Philosophy

2025-03-15T14:53:52+00:00

For five decades, Amelia Valcárcel has made a significant theoretical and proactive contribution to agenda-setting issues that has been fundamental to the contemporary development of feminism. It is impossible to address the last 50 years of feminism in Spain and Latin America without referring to her work: we owe her much. To describe Amelia Valcárcel's intellectual trajectory, I have taken a philosophical perspective: throughout her work, from its earliest beginnings, feminism springs from pure philosophical rationality when addressing transcendental themes for philosophy such as Humanism, Equality, Liberty, Universality, Individualism, Ethics, and Politics, to name significant moral and political categories that, moreover, recur in Valcárcel's thought.

Words to tell of ourselves. The intimate relationship between language and feminism

2025-02-20T16:52:29+00:00

The article reviews paths taken by inclusive language over the last fifty years and the new possibilities it offers to make women and their achievements visible in a freer language. It presents a series of voluntary actions on language, some prior to the last fifty years. Using some examples, it attempts to show, on the one hand, the complexity of the relationships between language and other initially distant aspects of reality. On the other hand, some converging and shaping ideological parameters also must be taken into account. It approaches the actions of some academic and political institutions, both in favor and against. It concludes with examples of new ways to tell of ourselves.

The importance of feminist genealogy and the recovery of women thinkers/philosophers/authors

2025-03-26T02:20:28+00:00

The year 2025 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the First World Conference on Women held in Mexico City in 1975. As a tribute to these pioneers, I would like to take critical stock of the attempts we have made during these decades to recover women thinkers, excluded for centuries from the official histories of philosophy - what we generally call the “philosophical canon”. To this end, in this article I will analyze the reasons for this exclusion of women from official histories, insisting on the contradictions of emancipatory and enlightened thinkers when they have to renounce the patriarchal foundations of all societies, to conclude by stressing the importance of developing a feminist genealogy, which allows us to remember the achievements of those who have preceded us and to underline the importance of building our own tradition of thought to combat the recurrent and strenuous efforts of patriarchal conceptions of history to erase them.

A new revisión to Latin America feminisms

2025-02-23T21:30:32+00:00

Latin America Feminism can be clearly identified since middle XIXth Century. This article aims to revise the most important contributions since the XX Century ´80 and ´90, when Universities adopted the notions of “gender” and started to organize investigations areas on Women & Sexdisidents Rights. As it is impossible to analyze all the trends, this article is focoused on the most important ones, such as intersectionality (Latin America Version) and Communitarian Feminsm.

Feminism and the multicultural approach. An approach from philosophy and anthropology in Spain and Latin America

2025-04-07T20:25:04+00:00

This article provides a concise overview of the most notable contributions of feminism within Spain and Latin America concerning the political discourse surrounding multiculturalism. Based on a methodology of bibliographical review of the main texts by philosophers and social and cultural anthropologists, it summarizes, among other topics, the main contributions of feminist discussions to contemporary postmodern proposals and warns of their contradictions and the risks they present.

Feminism’s history in Spanish Transition: since 1975 Meeting to Women’s Institute creation

2025-03-13T18:34:26+00:00

This article shows the evolution of the feminist movement in Spain during the transition to democracy, his background, the different trends and their main milestones as well as the campaigns it developed. For this purpose, it is carried out a review of existing literature, both the testimonies of those who were its protagonists as of subsequent studies. All this allows to show the contributions of the feminist movement to the transformation of the situation of women in Spain and ultimately to the nascent Spanish democracy.

The hexagram of continuity (Part II)

2025-05-06T00:14:58+00:00

This article is not strictly academic in the sense that its author is not only a literature professor but also a journalist and something of an advertising creative. The objective is to provide an overview of the last few decades of feminist struggle in Latin America and the Caribbean. I am aware that this account, written by someone other than myself, would focus on other topics, recount other actions, and do so in a different style. The methodology was based on both secondary sources and participant observation.It is, therefore, an account in which subjectivity prevails, but as the Academy has so consistently maintained in recent decades, feminist knowledge is situated knowledge.

The men's movement for equality in Spain: An analysis of its status, discourses, and proposals for democratic transformation

2025-03-15T19:04:14+00:00

This article analyzes the status, discourses and proposals of men's equality groups in Spain in their coalition with the feminist movement over the last forty years. It also proposes criteria for structuring both their profeminist activism and their proposals for equality policies. Finally, we outline a political proposal of social and democratic transformation for men that simultaneously integrates the ethical perspectives of justice, care and human development.

Fifty years of legal feminism in Spain

2025-03-16T20:57:36+00:00

The aim of this article is to analyse, from the perspective of legal feminism, how legislation and judicial practice in matters of gender equality have evolved in the field of Family Law the last 50 years; whether progress has been linear or, on the contrary, new problems have arisen in the process towards real equality, making it more difficult; to identify what these difficulties have been, their origin and the facilities they have found to insert themselves in a judicial system. Likewise, the current situation will be analysed in order to raise the challenges that should be faced so that women can obtain effective judicial protection from the courts when they go to them under conditions of equality with men.

Equality and difference: a paradigmatic debate in contemporary feminist theory

2025-02-10T12:13:37+00:00

This work proposes to reconstruct the debate between the paradigms of equality and difference that occurred in contemporary feminist theory. Before the concrete tensions and dissensions, it addresses the theoretical threads in which both positions were woven. After a brief foray into feminist genealogy to chronologically place this disagreement, the main assumptions of the so-called feminism of difference are reviewed. In a second moment, the main theses of the paradigm of equality in feminism are designed, to finally point out some of the consequences of the discourse of difference and conclude that an agenda is still necessary in which the support for demands today still passes through the idea -force of equality.

50 years of coeducation: Necessity versus sensitivity

2025-02-27T00:42:10+00:00

The following text reflects on the path of coeducation in Spain from the beginning of post-Franco democracy to the present day. In the late 1970s, feminist educators highlighted the sexist biases of the coeducational education system that was beginning to be implemented, replacing gender-segregated education. The system, which under the guise of egalitarian education, concealed a marked androcentrism reflected in language, the distribution of classroom spaces, the hierarchy of representation of staff, the content taught, and so on. Among these theorists, we highlight María José Urruzola for her coherent theoretical and practical approach to coeducation. Fifty years later, coeducation remains an aspiration of feminist teachers, as its implementation has so far lacked political will.

Should feminism be ecofeminism? An ethical proposal against androcentrism, anthropocentrism, and the logic of domination, for compassion, monviolence and sustainability

2025-02-27T17:38:03+00:00

The process of denaturalizing the concept of "woman" must be accompanied by the recognition that human beings —both women and men— are not only cultural but also natural beings. As ecofeminist thought has demonstrated, there are deep interconnections between the domination of women and the degradation and exploitation of the natural world. Drawing on key contributions within ecofeminist theory, this paper argues that feminism must take ecofeminist perspectives seriously. Overlooking the entanglements between androcentrism and anthropocentrism undermines the development of ethical and political frameworks capable of responding to the urgent challenges of the environmental crisis. A feminist ethic rooted in compassion, care, and nonviolence is essential for building sustainable alternatives to the dominant logic of exploitation.

Neoabolitionism of prostitution: Feminist thought and activism in Spain (1975-2025)

2025-03-24T15:19:01+00:00

The global prostitution market is expanding all over the world at the expense of millions of women and girls. This is the case of Spain, a destination country for international trafficking networks for sexual exploitation. This paper reviews and studies neo-abolitionism of the prostitution system in this country, its historical background, its theoretical substratum, the abolitionist experiences and legislative proposals, as well as its reception by political parties and feminist organisations. It is concluded that it is ethically and politically necessary to build prostitution-free societies compatible with equality between the sexes and respect for the dignity and human rights of women.

Hacking the Patriarchy II: Patriarchy responds with cognitive warfare to hack women

2025-05-06T00:24:34+00:00

Inspired by cyberfeminist slogans and the challenge of hacking the patriarchy using the Internet. Our suffragette ancestors were already aware of the value of information and communication. In addition to fighting in the streets, they published their arguments in magazines and newspapers. The idea of communication as a human right was revolutionary in the 1990s and the democratization of ICTs generated new hope. The Internet was key to feminist activism. But advances in the 20th century have generated a response that we had not anticipated. Alongside everyday physical violence, we face the new digital violence. They are part of a new strategy of patriarchal reaction that has unleashed cognitive warfare against women.

Elia Saneleuterio and Mónica Fuentes del Río. Singular Feminine. Reviews of the Contemporary Ibero-American Literary Canon. University of Salamanca Publishing House, 2021.

2024-11-29T15:16:35+00:00

Femenino singular is the result of several years of coordination and review by the volume's editors: Elia Saneleuterio, a professor at the University of Valencia, and Mónica Fuentes del Río, a doctor from the Complutense University of Madrid.

Rodrigo Almonacid Canseco. Women and Domestic Space: Portraits of Gender Inequality in Modern Architecture and the City. Valladolid: University Institute of Urban Planning, 2024

2025-02-23T21:48:52+00:00

The work, published by the University of Valladolid's Institute of Urban Planning, was coordinated by Rodrigo Almonacid and features contributions from eight specialists in the field who wrote texts accompanied by significant images. The monograph was originally written in a teaching seminar held at that university in 2023 under the title "I Conference on Gender Equality in Architecture: Women and Domestic Space." It is complemented by a visual appendix that compiles, as a catalog, the exhibition "Domestic Illustrations of Equality," which was scheduled in parallel with the seminar.

María Luisa Femenías and María Cristina Spadaro. The López Sisters. Feminist Lights and Shadows of the 1900s. Buenos Aires, Edhasa, 2024.

2025-02-23T21:44:39+00:00

In Las López. Feminist Lights and Shadows of the 1900s, María Luisa Femenías and María Cristina Spadaro rescue from oblivion two Argentine fighters for women's equality, two sisters who dedicated their lives to promoting women's rights. Elvira and Ernestina López were not only among the first students enrolled in the Philosophy program at the University of Buenos Aires, established in 1896, but they were also the first two female PhD students from that school and had the two highest GPAs.

Ana Cuervo Pollán. Neoliberal Misogyny: Reproductive Exploitation, Prostitution, and Pornography. Granada: Comares Editorial, 2024.

2025-02-21T13:59:45+00:00

The book is composed of four chapters divided into two parts. The first, which encompasses the first two chapters, is dedicated to reproductive exploitation. The second part, however, starts from the same perspective but focuses on sexual exploitation, to which it dedicates the last two chapters. The bulk of the discussion begins with reproductive exploitation, and specifically with the rental of women for gestation, as this practice represents the greatest objectification to which women are subjected in our societies.

Teresa Fernández Ulloa and Miguel Soler Galloso. The Insolent: Female Defiance and Insubordination in Hispanic Literature and Art. Berlin, Peter Lang Group AG, 2021.

2025-02-24T14:17:27+00:00

This work vindicates the role of women through the concept of "insolence," understood as a challenge to established norms. It explores, from an interdisciplinary perspective, how women writers and artists have resisted patriarchal structures throughout history, from the Golden Age to the present. With a focus on literature, art, and gender studies, the book highlights the struggle for visibility, autonomy, and a critical reinterpretation of the Hispanic literary and artistic canon. This review proposes to study the relationship between gender studies and literature in seven lines of research, as well as the need to include this type of work in primary and secondary school classrooms due to the countless benefits it would entail.

Miguel Soler Gallo and Teresa Fernández-Ulloa. Women and Subversive Writing during the Franco Regime. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2023.

2025-03-12T16:46:26+00:00

Women and Subversive Writing During the Franco Regime brings together the importance of women writers and their works during the Franco regime. This collective volume highlights the difficulties and obstacles faced by intellectuals of the time in enjoying freedom and the importance of their works, both socially and literary and culturally. This work also fosters the study and recognition of women writers who are generally excluded from the list of post-1939 writers.

Pilar Ballarín Domingo. Crossing Borders. Women at the University of Granada 1900-1936. Granada, Granada University Press, 2024

2025-03-14T18:15:25+00:00

"Crossing Borders" is a research that explores the role of women at the University of Granada during a crucial period in Spanish history, from 1900 to 1936. This book stands out for its comprehensive approach and its ability to illuminate the struggles and achievements of women who, despite the social and cultural barriers of the time, dared to pursue higher education.

Michael Weaver. Little Fires Everywhere: A Gender-Related Analysis, 2020.

2025-03-15T11:58:18+00:00

Little Fires Everywhere is an American production that premiered in spring 2020. This miniseries consists of a single season composed of eight episodes each lasting approximately 55 minutes. Directed by Michael Weaver, it is an adaptation of the book of the same name by Celeste Ng, developed and scripted for the television format by Liz Tigelaar and Nancy Won.

One cannot but dream. Marcela Lagarde y de los Ríos, an approach to her feminist contributions

2025-06-19T20:12:41+00:00

In this article, we will present the main aspects of the profile of Marcela Lagarde y de los Ríos, one of the most nationally and internationally recognized Mexican feminist academics. Our aim is to present the most significant elements of her career, her main contributions to Latin American and Ibero-American feminism, emphasizing her contributions to Mexican feminism, as well as her political participation, both nationally and internationally, in the fields of legislation, gender justice, human rights, democracy, and building a culture of peace.

Philosophical feminism as a project of universal emancipation. Celia Amorós and Feminism and Enlightenment Seminar

2025-05-06T10:52:37+00:00

The work of Celia Amorós and the Feminism and Enlightenment Seminar adopts a perspective of analysis that reveals the responsibility of Enlightenment philosophy in the construction of a framework of patriarchal domination. At the same time, it places feminism in the tradition of critical theories configurating an authentically universal emancipatory project. Their research turns the hermeneutics of feminist suspicion into an attitude from which to critically analyze our tradition of thought and from which to face the theoretical and practical challenges of the present. The philosophical foundations around which they build their feminist proposal try to safeguard the primary objective of feminism, the end of domination and the conquest of emancipation.

Intersectional Feminism in the Americas: crossing Conceptual and Epistemic Boundaries

2025-05-06T11:44:40+00:00

The aim of this article is to trace a historical overview of intersectional feminism in the Americas. We study primary historiographical sources, using a rigorous descriptive methodology to make a documented journey. As a result, we offer the vision of a feminism that rejects the unification of different perspectives under a totalising concept, in favour of one that recognises the different inequalities towards women, which intersect in a personal and social way, evidencing the existing power relations between colonisers and colonised. It concludes by proposing new spaces for feminism, territories of transversal struggles, different ways of doing politics, questioning the categories themselves on the basis of the different voices that emerge from the borders.

Feminism in Argentine Universities (1970-2000). Articulations with Psychology at the National University of La Plata (UNLP)

2025-03-27T02:52:02+00:00

This paper is dedicated to present and analyse how feminist studies were received and circulated in the specific institutional framework of the National University of La Plata (UNLP), Argentina, in the last decades of the twentieth century. The analysis will focus on the Feminism-Psychology interface. To this end, the contributions of various theoretical perspectives are articulated: intellectual history, reception studies, critical history and recent history. It is concluded that what could be included in the academic agenda involved a negotiation between the relevant topics for different agents in the University, the feminist agenda of the period under analysis and the professionalisation profile of local psychology.

House and body, a meeting place in feminist artistic creation

2025-05-13T18:53:54+00:00

This article is the result of research conducted in The house in artistic creation and its relationship with feminism (from 1970 to 2020) and aims to highlight how, based on the house and the body in visual artistic creation, feminism has contributed to giving women visibility over the past fifty years. It extends the time period examined from the seventies to the present day. Using a qualitative methodology, two artistic projects by two prominent Spanish feminist artists: Estibaliz Sádaba Murguía and Verónica Ruth Frías, were analyzed. The analysis of both proposals contributes to the discussion and foundation of the importance of feminism in the visual arts of these five decades.

The feminist imprint. A path of the problematization of gender-based violence in Ecuador

2025-04-07T10:14:56+00:00

This paper analyzes the issue of gender-based violence in Ecuador as a social and sociohistorical phenomenon. Through a systematic revision of secondary sources, examines the role of women’s and feminist movement on the visibility and problematization of gender-based violence, and the link between their demands and the State’s responses. First of all, it refers the political dynamics of women’s and feminist movements, then explain the State’s responses about their demands. The evaluation of revised literature suggests a specificity for Ecuadorian case that point out a particular State’s permeability to demands of subaltern actors that neutralize the effectivity of public policies for counter gender-based violence.

Identification of Spanish youth with the values of equality. Feminism in the spotlight

2025-06-05T12:15:47+00:00

Gender inequalities also persist among Spanish youth. This article explores their degree of identification with the struggle for gender equality and feminism through the results of the INJUVE, among young people aged 14 to 29 years (n=5,265; M=22.27; SD=4.134; 50.6% female and 49.4% male). This is a comparative study through descriptive, Student's t-tests, variances (ANOVA) and regression models. The results show a greater identification with gender equality compared to feminism. There are significant differences according to sex. Political ideology and sexual orientation emerge as determining variables. We conclude the need to integrate a gender perspective in intersectional public policies aimed at promoting greater equity.

The “Feminist May” of 2018: A new cycle of mobilization in Chilean student feminism

2025-03-27T03:01:33+00:00

This study aims to identify the elements of continuity and novelty of the Chilean feminist student movement that emerged strongly in 2018 in relation to previous mobilisations. The methodology used was a systematised literature review. The search included national and international academic databases, selecting studies published between 2011 and 2020 on the student feminist movement in Chile. The results show that it inherited previous feminist struggles and integrated student demands, while adopting new forms of protest, incorporating dissident collectives and generating a rupture with the institutionalisation of feminism. This paper concludes that ‘Feminist May’ consolidated a new cycle of feminist mobilisation, influencing gender politics and social debate.

Abolitionist Feminism as a reaction to Postfeminism: The neoliberal reinvention of patriarchy in a fifty-year chronology

2025-03-27T03:07:13+00:00

The fourth wave of feminism faces a strong blacklash in the digital space, where communities like

wives or ‘traditional wives’ have emerged, advocating for the return to old gender roles. This article analyses the phenomenon through media coverage of influencer RoRo Bueno, the first Spanish personality linked to this movement. Using the Critical Discourse Analysis method, two opposing perspectives are identified: those who criticize her as a setback for gender equality and those who defend her, arguing for women’s freedom of choice. The polarization of media discourse highlights the social clash between feminist advancements and the conservative response.

Tradwives: the female blacklash to the advancements of fourth-wave feminism

2025-03-27T03:14:06+00:00

The fourth wave of feminism faces a strong blacklash in the digital space, where communities like tradwives or ‘traditional wives’ have emerged, advocating for the return to old gender roles. This article analyses the phenomenon through media coverage of influencer RoRo Bueno, the first Spanish personality linked to this movement. Using the Critical Discourse Analysis method, two opposing perspectives are identified: those who criticize her as a setback for gender equality and those who defend her, arguing for women’s freedom of choice. The polarization of media discourse highlights the social clash between feminist advancements and the conservative response.

Beyond equal opportunities: The quest for substantive equality of women and men in Paraguay

2025-04-09T09:21:39+00:00

With the 1992 National Constitution, Paraguay began a process of advances and challenges in seeking gender equality. Through a documentary and regulatory review, this article identifies facilitating factors and obstacles in implementing equality policies, highlighting the need for comprehensive reforms that establish clear obligations for public and private actors, and promote a culture of equality. It emphasizes the role of the State in ensuring compliance with Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) of the UN 2030 Agenda. The study concludes that comprehensive policy change is essential to achieve substantive gender equality, thus consolidating progress and overcoming persistent challenges.

Feminism and Social Work in Spain: Presence and representation in the curricula of an inseparable discipline

2025-03-27T21:04:59+00:00

Feminism is a necessary element to achieve universal values of equality, justice, and freedom. In order for it to be truly considered a pluralistic element, many scholars have reflected on the need for its integration into the educational sphere. Based on the premise that feminism is intrinsic to Social Work, this study examines the state of university-level training for social workers in feminism and gender. To this end, the curricula of the 37 Spanish universities offering the Bachelor's Degree in Social Work were reviewed. The findings reveal that gender-related training is primarily provided by public institutions, characterized by significant territorial disparities and delivered mainly through elective courses.

Unemployed” in the State of Maranhão: gender inequality and the impacts of coloniality on female unemployment

2025-04-07T16:43:35+00:00

This article investigates how gender coloniality influences female unemployment in Maranhão, highlighting the inappropriate use of the term “desocupadas” by IMESC, which erases informal and unpaid work. The research, based on a literature review and documentary analysis covering the period from 2023 to 2024, shows that the female labor market is shaped by patriarchal logics that primarily affect Black women, who occupy precarious and poorly paid positions. The findings indicate that gender coloniality perpetuates structural inequalities, reinforcing the marginalization of women in the labor market. The research is grounded in the works of Quijano, Lugones, Saffioti, and Butler, and proposes a critical review of public policies and the categorization of women's work.

From Subtle to Lethal: The Violentómetro as a Tool to Make Gender-Base Violence in Relationships Visible

2025-04-17T21:34:52+00:00

This study aims to promote the Violentómetro, a tool designed to make intimate partner violence visible, which can begin as early as adolescence. Our objective is to provide information to identify violence from its earliest manifestations, with a particular focus on psychological violence due to its silent and difficult-to-detect nature. To achieve this, we conducted a literature review of primary sources and analyzed data on gender-based violence in Mexico. We present the different types of violence, highlighting psychological violence, and describe the Violentómetro level by level. We conclude that addressing this issue requires a focus on prevention by making violent behaviors visible and encouraging reporting to eradicate intimate partner violence.

Sexual importunity practiced against women in public transport in the city of Manaus: An analysis in light of black feminism and transfeminismo

2025-04-21T18:33:28+00:00

This article examines the experiences of sexual harassment faced by public transport users in the city of Manaus through the lens of feminist theorists. A snowball sampling method was employed to recruit participants, including cisgender women, transgender women, and travestis, for semi-structured interviews. Despite legislative amendments aimed at categorizing abusive behavior against sexual dignity within the Penal Code, these changes have yet to ensure that buses become safe spaces for women’s bodies. This ongoing issue is rooted in intersecting forms of oppression tied to identity factors such as gender, race, and class.

Single mothers and work-life balance: perceived support in single motherhood as a life project

2025-04-20T19:35:33+00:00

This study examines the experience of single motherhood by choice among middle-class women, exploring their life trajectories, support networks, and strategies for balancing work and family life. The research is grounded in demographic and sociocultural changes that have diversified family models, highlighting single motherhood as an increasingly common choice. Methodologically, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with three women, enabling the reconstruction of their experiences. The findings reveal that although these mothers experience empowerment and autonomy, they also face emotional, occupational, and economic challenges, which are mitigated by informal support networks and flexible reconciliation strategies. The study concludes that greater institutional protection is needed to facilitate work-life balance and reduce the daily burdens these women face.

Serguei Ldta: A symbol of trans identity in contemporary Colombian art

2025-05-03T01:30:17+00:00

This article analyzes the impact of transgender identity in Andrea Barragán's Serguei Ltda project, highlighting it as a powerful symbol for questioning dominant heteronormativity in the global context and, specifically, in Colombia, where identity is often reduced to biological sex. Using feminist methodology in art history, the study examines how the iconographic construction based on drag king aesthetics in her work destabilizes and redefines hegemonic imaginaries, freeing gender from its imposed obligations. The findings demonstrate how art, when viewed through a gender perspective, fosters debates on diversity and social transformation. In conclusion, Barragán’s work contributes to understanding gender as a fluid and transgressive construction.

Gender transformations in reggaeton: the impact of Bad Bunny

2025-06-06T12:15:00+00:00

The originality and eccentricity of urban music singer Bad Bunny have made him an influential media personality whose public discourse has evolved from reproducing sexist stereotypes to feminist activism. This case study conducts a content analysis of 20 music videos and song lyrics to determine whether his work reflects a shift toward gender inclusion. The results reveal that, although the artist has led pro-activist initiatives, a significant portion of his songs still contain contradictions in their portrayals of women. Key findings include the need for media and feminist literacy to enable audiences to decode these discourses and promote a more respectful and diverse representation of women in reggaeton.

Antifeminism as a patriarchal apparatus of dehumanisation: Strategies of oppression and control

2025-04-08T20:32:04+00:00

The history of the feminist movement and its achievements has been accompanied by antifeminist reactions and offensives that, inherently and systematically, have aimed to hinder women's emancipation and, in turn, perpetuate their dehumanization. This article seeks to develop a theoretical reflection based on existing literature, with the aim of offering an alternative conceptual approach to the study of antifeminism. The method involves a narrative review (NR) based on a bibliographic study of antifeminism as reaction and countermovement, in articulation with the theory of dehumanization. The results reveal how, historically, antifeminism has functioned and continues to function as an ideological apparatus of patriarchy mandated to dehumanize women.