La base genética de los trastornos depresivos

Judith Gutiérrez; Pedro García García

doi:10.18002/ambioc.i21.8180

Autores/as

Judith Gutiérrez Universidad de León
Pedro García García Universidad de León. Departamento de Biología Molecular

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i21.8180

Palabras clave:

GWAS, Serotonina, Trastorno depresivo mayor, SNP

Resumen

La depresión es un trastorno mental grave que afecta a unos 300 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Se considera una de las principales causas de discapacidad y tiene una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. En el presente trabajo fin de grado se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura enfocada en los aspectos genéticos relativos a esta enfermedad. La fisiopatología de la depresión aún no se conoce con exactitud, aunque se han relacionado diferentes genes como SLC6A4, BDNF, MAOA o FKBP5. En las últimas décadas se ha avanzado considerablemente en el estudio de la genética de la depresión gracias a los análisis de asociación del genoma completo (Genome-Wide Association Study, GWAS). Estos trabajos han permitido identificar más de 150 polimorfismos de un único nucleótido (SNP) asociados a la depresión. Debido a la gran heterogeneidad de resultados se puede concluir que esta enfermedad tiene un carácter multigénico y que está influenciada tanto genética como ambientalmente.

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