Mecanismos moleculares del ejercicio físico en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: revisión sistemática

Marina Redondo Cadenas; María José Cuevas; Brisamar Estébanez

doi:10.18002/ambioc.i22.8618

Autores/as

Marina Redondo Cadenas Universidad de León. Graduada en Biotecnología
María José Cuevas Universidad de León. Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-8443
Brisamar Estébanez Universidad de León. Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5034-9508

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i22.8618

Palabras clave:

Alzheimer, ejercicio físico, patología tau, placas beta-amiloides

Resumen

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), una de las patologías neurodegenerativas más prevalentes a nivel global, se caracteriza por un deterioro progresivo de la memoria y las funciones cognitivas, y carece actualmente de terapias curativas. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo investigar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre el impacto de la actividad física en los mecanismos moleculares de la EA y su influencia en el deterioro cognitivo. De los 229 artículos obtenidos en la búsqueda, se incluyeron 8 estudios en base a los criterios de elegibilidad. Los estudios evaluaron diversos protocolos de ejercicio y su efecto en procesos clave, como la acumulación de placas beta-amiloides, la formación de ovillos neurofibrilares, la neuroinflamación, el estrés oxidativo, y las alteraciones sinápticas y mitocon- driales. A lo largo de la revisión, se examinaron las interacciones entre estas vías, ofreciendo una visión integral de los mecanismos patológicos subyacentes a la enfermedad y evidenciando que la actividad física ayuda a mitigar dichos procesos. Los resultados de esta revisión ponen de manifiesto el ejercicio como una intervención no farmacológica prometedora para ralentizar el avance de la EA.

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