Transgénesis en animales de granja

Margarita M. Marqués; Marta F. Baro; Silvia Nicolás; Yolanda Bayón

doi:10.18002/ambioc.v0i12.4945

Auteurs-es

Margarita M. Marqués
Marta F. Baro
Silvia Nicolás
Yolanda Bayón

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.v0i12.4945

Mots-clés :

Biología, Genética, Química, Biotecnología, Animales domesticos, Metodología, Transgénesis,

Résumé

La transgénesis en animales de granja ha experimentado una importante evolución desde sus inicios en la década de los años 80. La eficiencia de las técnicas ha aumentado considerablemente y, a las primeras experiencias llevadas a cabo mediante microinyección pronuclear en el cigoto, le han seguido otras metodologías como la transferencia nuclear de células somáticas, que ha tenido particular importancia en estas especies domésticas. Además, en los últimos años, se han desarrollado herramientas de edición del genoma que permiten una alta especificidad en la modificación genética. Entre las numerosas aplicaciones de los animales transgénicos, se encuentra la producción de proteínas de uso terapéutico humano. También, cabe destacar las investigaciones con objeto de generar animales modificados genéticamente para ser utilizados como modelos de enfermedades humanas, o bien destinados a proporcionar órganos para xenotrasplante. Además, en el ámbito estricto de la Producción Animal se está explorando la utilización de la transgénesis para incrementar la resistencia de los animales a enfermedades o mejorar la cantidad y calidad de sus productos.

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