Papel de la microbiota intestinal en el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Irene Fernández Martín

doi:10.18002/ambioc.v0i18.6565

Auteurs-es

Irene Fernández Martín

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.v0i18.6565

Mots-clés :

Disbiosis, eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro, enfermedad de Alzheimer, microbiota, neuroinflamación

Résumé

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad de carácter neurodegenerativo y la principal causa de demencia en el mundo. Cada vez más hipótesis apuntan a que es una enfermedad de origen intestinal: su patogénesis se ha relacionado con el eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro, y se especula que el desequilibrio intestinal puede estar vinculado con el desarrollo de la EA. La disbiosis hace que ciertos productos microbianos (amiloides, lipopolisacáridos y neurotransmisores) puedan atravesar la barrera intestinal y la hematoencefálica (BHE) y llegar al sistema nervioso central (SNC) aumentando el riesgo de padecer EA. En definitiva, la salud del SNC depende en gran medida de la salud de la microbiota intestinal y por ello los posibles tratamientos que se investigan para la EA se centran principalmente en la modulación de la microbiota mediante el uso de probióticos, prebióticos, trasplante de microbiota fecal y ejercicio físico.

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W o r l d H e a l t h O r g a n i s a t i o n ( 2 0 1 9 ) D e m e n t i a . D i s p o n i b l e e n : https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia (Accedido: 26 de febrero de 2020)