Events and event records (scoring and penalties) across temporal units in elite judo contests: implications for tactical preparation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.2413

Keywords:

combat sports, martial arts, judo, penalty, score, performance analysis, tactic

Abstract

Introduction: This study examines the distribution of events and event records (EVRs) in elite judo competitions, encompassing both male and female categories. Sample: By analyzing data from the 2018, 2019, and 2021 World Championships, the study incorporates 6487 events (EVs) and 2340 contests classified by their last event (cEV). Results: The predominant occurrence of EV2 and EV3 in male (23.2% and 36.6%) and female (26.8% and 31.7%) contests suggests consistent patterns. Statistical analyses reveal non-uniform distributions of events within temporal units (TUs). Small associations were found between EVRs and TUs for EV1, EV2 and EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 to 0.171; p<0.001), while moderate associations were observed for EV4 (Cramer’s V = 0.260 to 0.271; p<0.001) with no associations detected for EV5 and EV6, in both sexes. Female contests generally feature fewer events, concentrated within the same TU, indicating shorter durations compared to males. The study emphasizes the association between the occurrence of EVRs and the moment they occur, demonstrating similar patterns across sexes. Waza-ari was significantly overrepresented in the TU1 for both males and females (SR = 2.1 and 2.2, respectively). In contrast, Ippon was overrepresented in the Golden Score (TU-GS) period (SR = 3.3) for males. Notably, cEV1, cEV2, and cEV3 exhibit timing variations between male and female categories, while cEV4 share equivalent timing. Conclusion: This research provides comprehensive insights into the dynamics of elite judo contests, informing professionals on the nuanced strategies needed for male and female judo athletes. The observed tendency of athletes to adopt an offensive approach at the beginning of contests, focusing on throws or body controls in groundwork over penalizations, adds a valuable layer to understanding the competitive dynamics in judo.

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Author Biographies

Xurxo Dopico-Calvo, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Xurxo Dopico-Calvo (Spain) works as Associate Professor for more than 30 years at the University of A Coruna, and he is Senior researcher of the research group “Performance and Health Group”. He has a forty-year experience in judo as practitioner, trainer and university professor and has published several studies about this sport, some of them about performance analysis, laterality, etc. E-mail: xurxo.dopico@udc.es

Luis Santos, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de León

Luis Santos (Spain) is a Lecturer in the Department of Physical Education and Sport at the Universidad de León (León, Spain). Currently serving as the Vice-Dean of the Faculty. In addition to his academic role, Luis Santos instructs Judo within the Bachelor's program for Sport and Exercise Science at the Faculty and he holds a 5th DAN Judo belt. Furthermore, he works for the Federación de Judo y Deportes Asociados del Principado de Asturias (a Judo sports federation of a Spanish region), in the area of coaches training, and has published several studies about judo. E-mail: lsanr@unileon.es

Eduardo Carballeira, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Eduardo Carballeira (Spain) is a Researcher and Assistant Lecturer in Physical Education and Sport at the University of A Coruna. He has earned a Ph.D. and a master’s degree in high performance in sport. Additionally, he serves as the sports director and head coach of Judo Hércules (A Coruna), as well as high-performance technician of the Galician Judo Federation. He also works as a physiologist and strength and conditioning coach for elite combat athletes. He holds a 6th DAN Judo belt and is a former elite judo athlete. His main research areas include neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses and adaptations to resistance exercise, power and functionality in older adults, the application of blood flow restriction training to injury rehabilitation, as well as enhancing health and performance. Additionally, he specializes in strength and conditioning evaluation, monitoring, and prescription for combat sports athletes. E-mail: eduardo.carballeira@udc.es

Xian Mayo, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Xián Mayo (Spain) owns a PhD in Exercise Physiology from the University of A Coruna. He is a Lecturer of Combat Sports at URJC (Madrid, Spain) and Academic Secretary at the Research Centre in Sports Science. He is also Research Coordinator at Spain Active Foundation. His scientific topics of interest in combat sports are related to the determinants of scoring actions and the learning process. Professionally, he was a judo coach for more than ten years. Other research topics of interest are clinical exercise, responses and adaptations to resistance training, and physical activity intervention analysis. E-mail: xian.mayo@urjc.es

Bayram Ceylan, Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University

Bayram Ceylan (Türkiye) is an Associate Professor at the Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University. He is serving as a member of the Educational Committee of the Turkish Judo Federation and the Scientific Committee of the European Judo Union.  He has twenty years of experience in judo and represented his country at the international level and has prestigious publications on judo-specific tests, dehydration in judo, and judo match analysis. E-mail: bceylan@kastamonu.edu.tr

Jožef Simenko , Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana

Jožef Simenko (Slovenia) is a researcher and an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana. He holds a PhD in Kinesiology. He holds a 2nd DAN belt degree in Judo and is a Certified Judo Coach in Slovenia and the United Kingdom and a member of the International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society (IMACSSS).  He also works in strength & conditioning and rehabilitation with elite judo athletes. He was the president of the Slovenian Judo Association Coaching Committee and a member of the Slovenian National team as an athlete. Email: jozef.simenko@fsp.uni-lj.si

Marta Sevilla-Sanchez, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Marta Sevilla-Sanchez (Spain) serves as an assistant lecturer at the University of A Coruña, where she obtained her Ph.D. and currently teaches the subject of Combat Sports. Additionally, for the past eight years, she has been instructing judo at Judo Hercules club. With a third-degree black belt, she is a former elite judoka. Her primary research areas encompass motor control and learning, cognitive effects of exercise and sports, health-related fitness across different life stages, and performance analysis in judo. Email: marta.sevilla@udc.es.

Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Eliseo Iglesias-Soler (Spain) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Education and Sports at the University of A Coruna (Spain). Senior researcher of the research group “Performance and Health Group” at University of A Coruna. His main research areas include: neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses and adaptations to resistance exercise; health related fitness across different life stages; laterality and performance analysis in judo. E-mail: eliseo.iglesias.soler@udc.es

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Published

2024-11-03

How to Cite

Dopico-Calvo, X., Santos, L., Carballeira, E., Mayo, X., Ceylan, B., Simenko , J. ., Sevilla-Sanchez, M., & Iglesias-Soler, E. (2024). Events and event records (scoring and penalties) across temporal units in elite judo contests: implications for tactical preparation. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 19(2), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.2413

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 2 (2024)

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 Xurxo Dopico-Calvo, Luis Santos, Eduardo Carballeira, Xian Mayo, Bayram Ceylan, Jožef Simenko , Marta Sevilla-Sanchez, Eliseo Iglesias-Soler

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