Edición genética por CRISPPR-Cas y sus aplicaciones en la mejora de cultivos

Sergio Melero Royo; Nicole Martínez-García; María Luz Centeno Martín

doi:10.18002/ambioc.v0i17.6206

Autores

Sergio Melero Royo
Nicole Martínez-García
María Luz Centeno Martín

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.v0i17.6206

Palavras-chave:

Mejora vegetal, modificación genética, OGM, transgénesis

Resumo

En los últimos años se ha desarrollado una tecnología de edición genética potente, barata y relativamente sencilla de usar. Se denomina CRISPR-Cas y se basa en utilizar los componentes de un sistema de inmunidad adaptativa de bacterias para modificar el genoma de un organismo. La metodología permite realizar cortes dirigidos y específicos en la doble cadena deDNA. Gracias a la aplicación de CRISPR-Cas se han obtenido variedades de cultivo modificadas genéticamente con una eficiencia sin precedentes y que en la mayoría de los casos llegarán al mercado de una forma mucho más rápida que sus predecesores transgénicos. Entre las características incorporadas a estas nuevas variedades
se encuentran varias resistencias a estreses bióticos y abióticos, mejoras en la calidad nutricional, o incluso la capacidad para producir moléculas de interés biomédico. La legislación de estos cultivos en diferentes partes del mundo es la principal barrera a la que se enfrenta esta tecnología.

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