Características de força psicológica no Judo: percepções de treinadores

Virgílio Silva; Cláudia Dias; Nuno Corte-Real; António Manuel Fonseca

doi:10.18002/rama.v13i1.5142

Authors

Virgílio Silva Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-2504
Cláudia Dias Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP) http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-0056
Nuno Corte-Real Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-1267
António Manuel Fonseca Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-1679

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v13i1.5142

Keywords:

Mental toughness, judo, combat sports, martial arts, coaches, perception

Abstract

The aim of this research was to explore coaches’ perceptions about mental toughness characteristics in competitive Judo, in light of current single-sport mental toughness literature. Nine Portuguese Judo coaches from different levels of achievement (non-elite, sub-elite and elite) were interviewed. The protocol used for semi-structured interviews was based on Personal Construct Psychology “sociality” and “dichotomy” corollaries (Kelly, 1991). A total of 162 verbatim transcribed pages resulted as raw data. Properties and dimensions of the conceptual categories emerged from the data. Inductive content analysis revealed 22 attributes of mental toughness. Only eight were mentioned by all participants: resilience, self-motivation, self-confidence, self-improvement, work discipline, attention regulation, emotional regulation and competitiveness. In reference to previous researches exploring mental toughness on a single sport, our results in Judo reinforced large similarities across sports. However, slight differences were discussed in relation to three mental toughness characteristics not previously identified in literature: combativity, self-esteem and adaptability. In addition, other attributes were found to be peculiar to Judo, but not exclusive, due to its form of expression: tactical awareness, combativity and self-presentation regulation. Combativity was the only attribute that stood out as being rather peculiar to Judo.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Métricas alternativas

Author Biographies

Virgílio Silva, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP)

Licenciado em Desporto e Educação Física e Mestre em Treino de Alto Rendimento pela Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP).
Cinto preto de Judo, 3.º Dan. Professor e Treinador de Judo.

Cláudia Dias, Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP)

Professora Auxiliar na Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP).
Desenvolve pesquisa em Psicologia do Desporto e Actividade Física no Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI²D).

Nuno Corte-Real, Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP)

Professor Auxiliar na Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP).
Desenvolve pesquisa em Psicologia do Desporto e Actividade Física no Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI²D).

António Manuel Fonseca, Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP)

Professor Catedrático na Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP).
Desenvolve pesquisa em Psicologia do Desporto e Actividade Física no Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, e Intervenção em Desporto (CIFI²D).

References

Andersen, M. B. (2011). Who’s mental, who’s tough and who’s both? Mutton constructs dressed up as lamb. In D. Gucciardi, & S. Gordon, Mental toughness in sport: Developments in theory and research (pp. 69-88). New York, NY, US: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

Bull, S., Shambrook, C., James, W., & Brooks, J. (2005). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 209-227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200591010085

Cook, C., Crust, L., Littlewood, M., Nesti, M., & Allen-Collinson, J. (2014). ‘What it takes’: Perceptions of mental toughness and its development in an English Premier League soccer academy. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 6(3), 329-347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2013.857708

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Coulter, T., Mallett, C., & Gucciardi, D. (2010). Understanding mental toughness in Australian soccer: Perceptions of players, parents and coaches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(7), 699-716. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640411003734085

Crust, L. (2007). Mental toughness in sport: A review. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(3), 270-290. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2007.9671836

Crust, L. (2008). A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for future researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 576-583. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.005

Driska, A. P., Kamphoff, C., & Armentrout, S. M. (2012). Elite swimming coaches’ perceptions of mental toughness. The Sport Psychologist, 26(2), 186-206. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.26.2.186

Escobar-Molina, R., Courel, J., Franchini, E., Femia, P., & Stankovic, N. (2014). The impact of penalties on subsequent attack effectiveness and combat outcome among high elite judo competitors. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(3), 946-954. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868770

Filaire, E., Maso, F., Sagnol, M., Lac, G., & Ferrand, C. (2001). Anxiety, hormonal responses and coping during a judo competition. Aggressive Behavior, 27(1), 55-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(20010101/31)27:1<55::AID-AB5>3.0.CO;2-H

Galli, N., & Vealey, R. S. (2008). "Bouncing back" from adversity: Athletes' experiences of resilience. The Sport Psychologist, 22(3), 316-335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.3.316

Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172-204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482

Gould, D., Hodge, K., Peterson, K., & Petlichkoff, L. (1987). Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 1(4), 293-308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.4.293

Gucciardi, D., & Gordon, S. (2008). Personal construct psychology and the research interview: The example of mental toughness in sport. Personal Construct Theory and Practice, 5, 119-130. Retrieved from: http://www.pcp-net.org/journal/pctp08/gucciardi08.pdf

Gucciardi, D., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. (2008). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in Australian football. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20(3), 261-281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200801998556

Hackfort, D., & Schlattmann, A. (2002). Self-presentation training for top athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33(1), 61-71.

Jaeschke, A.-M. C., Sachs, M. L., & Dieffenbach, K. D. (2016). Ultramarathon runners’ perceptions of mental toughness: A qualitative inquiry. The Sport Psychologist, 30(3), 242-255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0153

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 205-218. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world's best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 243-264. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.2.243

Kelly, G. (1991). The psychology of personal constructs: A theory of personality (Vol 1). London: Routledge (Original work published 1955).

Le Bars, H., Gernigon, C., & Ninot, G. (2009). Personal and contextual determinants of elite young athletes' persistence or dropping out over time. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(2), 274-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00786.x

MacNamara, Á., Button, A., & Collins, D. (2010). The role of psychological characteristics in facilitating the pathway to elite performance: Part 1 - Identifying mental skills and behaviors. The Sport Psychologist, 24(1), 52-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.1.52

Matsumoto, D., Takeuchi, M., Nakajima, T., & Iida, E. (2000). Competition anxiety, self-confidence, personality and competition performance of American elite and non-elite judo athletes. Research Journal of Budo, 32(3), 12-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.11214/budo1968.32.3_12

Molinero, O., Salguero, A., Tuero, C., Alvarez, E., & Márquez, S. (2006). Dropout reasons in young Spanish athletes: Relationship to gender, type of sport and level of competition. Journal of Sport Behavior, 29(3), 255-269.

Montero, C., Moreno-Murcia, J., González, I., Pulido, J., & Cervelló, E. (2012). Ansiedad estado precompetitiva en judocas. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiaticas, 7(1), 26-43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v7i1.43

Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of Clinical Health & Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.

Montero-Carretero, C., Moreno-Murcia, J., González-Cutre, D., & Cervelló-Gimeno, E. (2013). Motivación, dirección de la autoconfianza y flow en judokas de alto nivel. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 31, 1-16.

Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Reche García, C., Tutte Vallarino, V., & Ortín Montero, F. J. (2014). Resiliencia, optimismo y burnout en judokas de competición Uruguayos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 9(2), 267-279.

Rodrigues, L., Dias, C., Corte-Real, N., & Fonseca, A. M. (2014). Conceito de força psicológica na ginástica artística: A percepção de treinadores Brasileiros de elite. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto, 2, 23-46. Retrieved from: http://www.fade.up.pt/rpcd/_arquivo/artigos_soltos/2014-2/02.pdf

Santos, L., Fernández-Río, J., Almansba, R., Sterkowicz, S., & Callan, M. (2015). Perceptions of top-level judo coaches on training and performance. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10(1), 145-158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.1.145

Thelwell, R. C., Such, B. A., Weston, N. J., Such, J. D., & Greenlees, I. A. (2010). Developing mental toughness: Perceptions of elite female gymnasts. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(2), 170-188. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2010.9671941

Thelwell, R., Weston, N., & Greenlees, I. (2005). Defining and understanding mental toughness within Soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(4), 326-332. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200500313636

Tibbert, S. J., Andersen, M. B., & Morris, T. (2015). What a difference a “Mentally Toughening” year makes: The acculturation of a rookie. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 17, 68-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.007

Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2013). Psychological preparation of competitive judokas: A review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12(3), 371-380.