Specific wushu sanda high-intensity interval training protocol improved physical fitness of amateur athletes’: A pilot study

Jorge Rafael Farias Monteiro; Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio; Breno Berny Vasconcelos; Victor Silveira Coswig

doi:10.18002/rama.v14i2.6029

Autores/as

Jorge Rafael Farias Monteiro Federal University of Pará, Belém http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-7278
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio Federal University of Pelotas http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-9660
Breno Berny Vasconcelos Federal University of Pelotas http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0019-4493
Victor Silveira Coswig Federal University of Pará, Faculty of Physical Education. Castanhal University Campus http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-7119

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v14i2.6029

Palabras clave:

Artes marciales, deportes de combate, wushu, entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, acondicionamiento físico

Agencias Financiadoras:

N/A

Resumen

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de añadir un protocolo específico de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) al entrenamiento habitual de condición física de atletas amateur de wushu sanda. Métodos: Estudio experimental, en el que 6 atletas amateur de wushu sanda de nivel regional (24.6±6.4 años, 1.70±0.1 m de altura y 71.3±7.3 kg de peso) se sometieron a un programa de entrenamiento de 2 sesiones/semana durante 4 semanas. El protocolo de HIIT estuvo compuesto de 3 rondas de 2 minutos con intervalos de 1 minuto entre ellas, simulando la duración de un combate. Cada ronda se dividió en 8 bloques de 15 segundos. Cada bloque estaba compuesto de 5 segundos de actividades de alta intensidad, 5 segundos de actividades de baja intensidad y 5 segundos de pausa. Se utilizaron saltos con contramovimiento, sentadillas, saltos horizontales, test de aptitud aeróbica (TKDtest) y test de velocidad de patada (FSOK). Resultados: Los atletas presentaron aumentos de rendimiento en salto con contramovimiento (de 41±5.7 a 47.3±7.3 cm, p=0.007, g=0.88), salto horizontal (de 1.7±0.4 a 2.3±0.3 cm, p=0.01, g=1.56) y en la prueba FSOK (de 19.8±1.7 a 23.0±2.5 patadas, p=0.003, g=1.38). La frecuencia cardíaca en reposo disminuyó (de 120±8.3 a 107±11.4 lpm, p=0.03, g=1.20) y el tiempo hasta el agotamiento aumentó (de 8.5±1.8 a 13.1±1.4 min, p=0.003, g=2.63), así como el número de patadas (de 187±55.3 a 368±39.8 patadas, p=0.001, g=3.46). Conclusión: A pesar del pequeño tamaño de la muestra, los grandes tamaños de efectos hallados respaldan la conclusión de que añadir un protocolo HIIT específico de wushu sanda a la rutina de entrenamiento de atletas amateur puede producir mejoras en el rendimiento neuromuscular, aeróbico y anaeróbico.

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