Influencia de la maduración sexual en el rendimiento anaeróbico de luchadores adolescentes masculinos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.2402

Palabras clave:

Artes marciales, deportes de combate, lucha libre olímpica, lucha grecorromana, maduración, potencia anaeróbica, capacidad anaeróbica, entrenamiento de alta intensidad

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la maduración sexual en el rendimiento anaeróbico de luchadores adolescentes masculinos. Métodos: Se incluyó una muestra de 29 luchadores del estilo libre y greco-romana de diferentes clubes de lucha del Estado Barinas, Venezuela con las siguientes características físicas (M ± DE), edad: 14.99 ± 1.83 años, masa corporal: 54.68 ± 16.80kg, estatura: 161.06 ± 12.78cm, grasa corporal: 12.09 ± 4.11%, índice de masa corporal: 20.58 ± 3.79 kg/m2 y experiencia de entrenamiento en el deporte: 3.66 ± 2.27 años. La maduración sexual se evaluó usando los criterios de Tanner y el rendimiento anaeróbico se midió con la prueba de Wingate de 30 segundos del tren inferior y superior. Resultados: Se observaron correlaciones significativas moderadas y fuertes entre el desarrollo madurativo con la Potencia Pico [PP] y la Potencia Media [AP] (absoluta y relativa) del tren inferior y superior. El índice de fatiga (%IF) de la parte inferior del cuerpo no mostró relación con el desarrollo madurativo o con las categorías de maduración pubescente y pospubescente. Sin embargo, el %IF de la parte superior del cuerpo reveló una correlación moderada significativa con el desarrollo madurativo y la categoría de maduración pospubescente. Además, se encontró una fuerte correlación significativa entre la categoría de maduración pubescente con la PP y AP (absoluta y relativa) de la parte inferior del cuerpo y una relación moderada entre la categoría pospubescente con solo la PP (absoluta). La PP (absoluta) y AP (relativa) de la parte superior del cuerpo presentaron una relación moderada con la categoría de maduración pubescente, y la postpubescente tuvo una fuerte correlación con la PP (absoluta), AP (absoluta) y PA (relativa). Conclusión: Las etapas de maduración sexual influyen en la capacidad anaeróbica de los luchadores, lo que puede influir en las adaptaciones del entrenamiento para el máximo rendimiento. Futuros estudios necesitan investigar las respuestas fisiológicas a protocolos de entrenamiento específicos para la maduración.

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Biografía del autor/a

Yudelis Leonardo Torres-Álvarez, Observatorio de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora, Núcleo Barinas

Yudelis Leonardo Torres-Álvarez (Venezuela), analyst-researcher at the Observatorio de Investigación en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte [Observatory of Research in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences], Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora, Venezuela. His research areas include exercise physiology, training methodology and technical-tactical performance in wrestling. E-mail: yleonardo.7@gmail.com

Pedro Felipe Gamardo-Hernández, Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador-Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas

Pedro Felipe Gamardo-Hernández (Venezuela), professor of Exercise Physiology at the Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas, Venezuela. He conducts research on fitness assessment. E-mail: pgamardo@hotmail.com

Bianka Miarka, Juiz de Fora Federal University

Bianca Miarka (Brazil), professor of Judo at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. She researches technical-tactical performance, psychobiology and neuroscience in combat sports. E-mail: miarkasport@hotmail.com

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2024-03-25

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Torres-Álvarez, Y. L., Gamardo-Hernández, P. F., & Miarka, B. (2024). Influencia de la maduración sexual en el rendimiento anaeróbico de luchadores adolescentes masculinos. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 19(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.2402

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