Relações entre determinados aspetos da aptidão física e funcional e o desempenho competitivo dos atletas de judo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v21i1.2608Palavras-chave:
Artes marciais, desportos de combate, judo, avaliação funcional, teste de forçaResumo
Os praticantes de judo ao mais alto nível desportivo caracterizam-se por um elevado nível de aptidão física, resistência mental e competências técnicas desenvolvidas ao longo de anos de treino. O objetivo do estudo foi revelar a relação entre determinados elementos da aptidão física e funcional e o desempenho competitivo de atletas de judo de diferentes categorias etárias e níveis competitivos. Participaram no estudo 46 judocas com idades entre os 17 e os 28 anos. Para efeitos comparativos, os judocas foram divididos em dois grupos com base na idade (juniores e seniores) e no nível desportivo (medalhistas e não medalhistas). As ferramentas de investigação foram o teste Functional Movement Screen (FMS) e dois testes de força muscular: supino e agachamento com barra. Os dados sobre o desempenho desportivo de cada atleta foram obtidos a partir do site oficial da Associação Polaca de Judo e da União Europeia de Judo. Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na pontuação global do FMS entre os atletas juniores e seniores. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na pontuação total do FMS entre medalhistas e não medalhistas – a favor dos medalhistas. Observaram-se diferenças significativas nos testes de força muscular entre os atletas juniores e seniores. Os resultados dos testes de força em relação ao peso corporal não revelaram diferenças significativas entre medalhistas e não medalhistas. O treino de judo deve, portanto, considerar o tratamento das limitações funcionais do sistema músculo-esquelético e a melhoria da qualidade dos movimentos.
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