The spatial and spatiotemporal interpersonal coordinations in aikido’s jiyu waza

Estefan Gemas Neto; Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva; Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis; Umberto Cesar Corrêa

doi:10.18002/rama.v21i1.2603

Autores

Estefan Gemas Neto School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-8023
Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva Takemusu Aikido Kai Japan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0934-4811
Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis Federal University of Alagoas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-5859
Umberto Cesar Corrêa School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-0437

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v21i1.2603

Palavras-chave:

Artes marciais, esportes de combate, aikido, jiyu waza, coordenação interpessoal, sistemas dinâmicos, abordagem sistêmica, dinâmica ecológica

Entidades:

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001

Resumo

Nos últimos anos, a coordenação interpessoal tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida como um conceito importante para compreender o desempenho esportivo. Ela se refere às interações entre indivíduos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a coordenação interpessoal no jiyu waza. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar as medidas espaciais e espaciotemporais que caracterizaram a coordenação interpessoal no jiyu waza. Vinte praticantes de aikido participaram do estudo, com idade média de 30 anos (± 5 anos), com grau mínimo de shodan (1º grau da faixa preta) e um mínimo de 8 anos de prática de aikido. A tarefa foi o jiyu waza, que consistiu em um praticante de aikido em defesa evitar ser cercado e/ou atingido por três oponentes. Área triangular, forma/tipo triangular e distância interpessoal, juntamente com suas respectivas medidas de taxas de mudança (variabilidade e velocidade) foram usadas como medidas de coordenação interpessoal. As coordenadas x e y do deslocamento dos participantes foram obtidas a partir de filmagem de 30 segundos (1800 quadros a 60 fps) utilizando o software de rastreamento semiautomático Kinovea 0.9.5. A filmagem foi realizada de cima, considerando o topo da cabeça de cada participante como ponto de rastreamento. Os resultados revelaram que: (1) a coordenação interpessoal dos atacantes na forma de triângulos escalenos e obtusos, com áreas mais variáveis, bem como as maiores distâncias interpessoais entre o defensor e os triângulos, caracterizaram as defesas; (2) os ataques em que o defensor foi atacado pela frente, mas não conseguiu neutralizá-los, foram caracterizados por maiores distâncias interpessoais, que surgiram com velocidades positivas maiores; (3) o defensor falhou consistentemente em neutralizar os ataques realizados pelas costas; essas situações foram caracterizadas pela coordenação interpessoal representada pelos triângulos escalenos e obtusos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que as medidas triangulares (área e forma/tipo) foram capazes de capturar a coordenação interpessoal de cooperação entre os atacantes, e a distância interpessoal permitiu o acesso à coordenação interpessoal relativa à oposição no jiyu waza.

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Biografias Autor

Estefan Gemas Neto, School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP)

Estefan Gemas Neto (Brazil): Bachelor’s degree in Physical Education from the University of São Paulo (2016). Master’s degree in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2019). PhD in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2024). Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of São Paulo (2025). Member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory (LACOM). Experienced in the fields of Motor Behavior, Motor Learning, Motor Control, and Martial Arts/Combat Sports. Holds a blue belt in aikido from the Takemussu Institute – Atago Dojo (Brazil). E-mail: estefan.neto@usp.br

Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva, Takemusu Aikido Kai Japan

Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva (Brazil): Physical education professional with 35 years of experience working in private schools (preschool, elementary, and high school levels). He served as a faculty member for 10 years at the Faculty of Physical Education of Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU) from 2007 to 2017. He holds postgraduate degrees in Jungian analytical psychology, psychosomatics, art therapy, biotypology, and acupuncture. He works as a Jungian analyst and therapist at the clinic @reestruturacao_da_saude. Additionally, he is a master in Takemusu Aikido (Shihan, 7th Dan), a Hatha Yoga instructor, and a 3rd-degree black belt in Jiu-Jitsu (Behring School). He is the author of the book Caminhando com o Tigre, Transcendendo a arte marcial (Walking with the Tiger, Transcending Martial Arts), published by Cia. dos Livros (2003), as well as various articles on themes such as martial arts philosophy, analytical psychology, mental health, and education. E-mail: marcelotuche55@yahoo.com.br

Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis , Federal University of Alagoas

Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis (Brazil): Bachelor's and Licensed in Physical Education from Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), Brazil. Master's degree in Physical Education from the Graduate Program in Physical Education at Universidade Federal de Sergipe. PhD in Physical Education and Sport from the Graduate Program at the School of Physical Education and Sport at the University of São Paulo. Currently, an Assistant Professor at the Federal University of Alagoas. E-mail: marcos.reis@arapiraca.ufal.br

Umberto Cesar Corrêa, School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP)

Umberto Cesar Corrêa (Brazil): Faculty member of School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo, and member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory, since 1996. He received his undergraduate degree in Physical Education in 1990, and Certification in Gymnastics in 1992 from the University of Mogi das Cruzes; Certificate in Sport Sciences from University of Educação e Cultura do ABC (1993); Master degree in Motricity Sciences from Paulista State University (1996); Ph.D. degree in Physical Education from University of São Paulo (2001). He held the post of Associate Professor from University of São Paulo in 2007 and Post-doctoral from Queensland University of Technology in 2011. His research interests include motor skill learning and teaching of physical education. He has investigated themes such as practice schedule, feedback, instruction/cues, specificity and complexity of task, ecological validity. He has been interested in understanding motor skills in physical education and sport contexts from an adaptive complex systems perspective. E-mail: umbertoc@usp.br

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