Tiempo de combate, puntuaciones y penalizaciones en judo: revisión de los cambios en el reglamento de competición entre 2010 y 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v17i1.7122Palabras clave:
Martial arts, combat sports, judo, performance analysis, referee, rules, competitionAgencias Financiadoras:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Lindsei Brabec Mota Barreto received a PDSE/CAPES Scholarship. Grant# 88881.622965/2021-1Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar los principales cambios en las reglas oficiales de competición de judo entre 2010 y 2020, destacando los cambios en el tiempo de combate, puntuaciones y penalizaciones. En este estudio retrospectivo, se buscaron los documentos oficiales que regularon la competición de judo entre 2010 y 2020 en las páginas web de la Federación Internacional de Judo y la Confederación Brasileña de Judo, así como los manuales de arbitraje de la Federación de Judo de Sergipe (Brasil), y en la plataforma Google. A lo largo de los años, el tiempo de combate se ha acortado (2015=5’->4’ para mujeres; 2017=5’->4’ para hombres), así como el tiempo osaekomi (2013=25”->20”). Este cambio tuvo la intención de facilitar la comprensión del público sobre las puntuaciones de judo, así como de devaluar el uso de penalizaciones sobre el rival para lograr la victoria (2010=exclusión de koka; 2013=penalización ya no equivalió a puntuaciones; 2017=exclusión de yuko, el shido ya no decidió el ganador en el tiempo reglamentario; 2018=shido ya no decidió el ganador en la técnica de oro). Se fomentaron las acciones de ataque (prohibición de acciones para evitar el combate) y se pretendió reducir el riesgo de lesiones (prohibición de algunos tipos de acciones y agarres). En otras palabras, existió un intento por parte de la Federación Internacional de Judo de fomentar el judo positivo a través de las reglas de competición entre 2010 y 2020. Sin embargo, estos cambios constantes en las reglas hicieron que el contexto del entrenamiento de competición fuese inestable. Los entrenadores y atletas de judo deben estar atentos en el final de cada ciclo olímpico a los nuevos cambios que eventualmente se introducirán, y adaptarse a ellos rápidamente para lograr un alto rendimiento.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Lindsei Brabec Mota Barreto, Esteban Ariel Aedo-Muñoz, Dany Alexis Sorbazo Sotto, Bianca Miarka, Ciro José Brito
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- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica.
