The role of head movement in capoeira's armada performance

Gabriela Bonifácio da Costa Oliveira; Flávio Henrique Bastos; Estefan  Gemas Neto; Julio Cerca Serrão; Umberto Corrêa

doi:10.18002/rama.v21i1.2605

Autores/as

Gabriela Bonifácio da Costa Oliveira Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4491-3156
Flávio Henrique Bastos Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2879-2156
Estefan Gemas Neto Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-8023
Julio Cerca Serrão Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-3387
Umberto Corrêa Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-0437

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v21i1.2605

Palabras clave:

Artes marciales, deportes de combate, movimiento de la cabeza, habilidad motora, pericia, sistema sensorial

Resumen

Durante la ejecución de la armada, el practicante de capoeira pierde la conexión visual con el oponente debido al movimiento de giro. Este estudio investigó si el fenómeno denominado "marcación de cabeza" podría ser una estrategia potencial para que el capoeira maneje dicha ruptura en la conexión informativa. La marcación de cabeza se refiere al acto de que, en los movimientos de giro, la cabeza sea la última parte del cuerpo en moverse, pero la primera en terminar. Cuarenta voluntarios, (10 hombres y 10 mujeres principiantes, y 10 hombres y 10 mujeres veteranos], con una edad promedio de 24,0 ± 5,0 años, participaron en este experimento. La marcación de cabeza se analizó en relación con la velocidad de la armada (lenta y rápida), el oponente (con y sin), la pierna de ataque (preferida y no preferida) y la fase de aprendizaje (principiante y avanzado). La última clasificación se basó en las graduaciones de cordón de la Confederación Brasileña de Capoeira. El tiempo de movimiento de cabeza fue menor que el tiempo de movimiento de armada (758,8 ms vs. 1916,6 ms, respectivamente, p < 0,01). El movimiento de cabeza ocurrió dentro del movimiento de la armada, ya que implicó valores promedio negativos (-330,47 ms) y positivos (806,66 ms) para el inicio y el final del movimiento de cabeza, respectivamente. Se observó que las armadas realizadas con el miembro inferior preferido tuvieron un mayor valor promedio de tiempo de movimiento de cabeza que las realizadas con el miembro no preferido (740,41 ms vs. 678,72 ms, respectivamente, p < 0,05). Y, cuando las armadas se realizaron contra un oponente virtual, implicaron un mayor tiempo de movimiento de cabeza que las realizadas sin él (758,58 vs. 669,43 ms, respectivamente, p < 0,05). Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que el movimiento de la cabeza funciona como un fenómeno de marcaje cefálico, componente crítico de la armada, que varía según el dominio lateral de los participantes y la presencia de un oponente. También contribuyen a la comprensión del funcionamiento de las habilidades motoras y a la elucidación de sus mecanismos subyacentes.

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Biografía del autor/a

Gabriela Bonifácio da Costa Oliveira , Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo

Gabriela Bonifácio da Costa Oliveira (Brazil): Holds a Bachelor's degree in Physical Education and Sport from the University of São Paulo (2015) and a Licentiate degree in Physical Education from the same university (2020). Completed a Master's degree at the School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (2020), with a project in the concentration area of Sociocultural and Behavioral Studies of Human Movement, focusing on the research line of Motor Learning. E-mail: gabriela.bonifacio.oliveira@usp.br

Flávio Henrique Bastos , Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo

Flávio Henrique Bastos (Brazil): Assistant Professor at the School of Physical Education at the School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo, and member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory. He has investigated the elaboration of learning strategies under learner-controlled practice conditions and the ability to perform anticipatory tasks. E-mail: bastosfh@usp.br

Estefan Gemas Neto, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo

Estefan Gemas Neto (Brazil): Bachelor’s degree in Physical Education from the University of São Paulo (2016). Master’s degree in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2019). PhD in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2024). Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of São Paulo (2025). Member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory (LACOM). Experienced in the fields of Motor Behavior, Motor Learning, Motor Control, and Martial Arts/Combat Sports. Holds a blue belt in aikido from the Takemussu Institute E-mail: estefan.neto@usp.br

Julio Cerca Serrão , Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo

Julio Cerca Serrão (Brazil): Full Professor at the School of Physical Education and Sports of USP (EEFE-USP), where he is Head of the Department of Biodynamics and Coordinator of the Biomechanics Laboratory. He holds a degree (1993) in Physical Education from the School of Physical Education and Sports of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP), a Master's degree (1996) in Motor Sciences from the Institute of Biosciences of the São Paulo State University, and a PhD (1999) and Associate Professorship (2007) from EEFE-USP. At EEFE-USP, he was President of the Undergraduate Committee (2004-2012), Head of the Department of Biodynamics of Human Body Movement (2011-2014), Vice-Director (2014-2018), and Director (2018-2022). At the USP Rector's Office, he served as Senior Advisor to the Rector (2020-2022) and as USP's Interlocutor with the MEC for PET actions (2015-2022). At the USP University Council, he was a member of the Legislation and Resources Committee (CLR) (2015-2022), where he served as vice-president (2019-2022). His research interests include Sports Biomechanics, Locomotion Biomechanics, Exercise Biomechanics, and Footwear Biomechanics. E-mail: jcserrao@usp.br

Umberto Corrêa, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo

Umberto Cesar Corrêa (Brazil): Faculty member of School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo, and member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory, since 1996. He received his undergraduate degree in Physical Education in 1990, and Certification in Gymnastics in 1992 from the University of Mogi das Cruzes; Certificate in Sport Sciences from University of Educação e Cultura do ABC (1993); Master degree in Motricity Sciences from Paulista State University (1996); Ph.D. degree in Physical Education from University of São Paulo (2001). He held the post of Associate Professor from University of São Paulo in 2007 and Post-doctoral from Queensland University of Technology in 2011. His research interests include motor skill learning and teaching of physical education. He has investigated themes such as practice schedule, feedback, instruction/cues, specificity and complexity of task, ecological validity. He has been interested in understanding motor skills in physical education and sport contexts from an adaptive complex systems perspective. E-mail: umbertoc@usp.br

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