El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad mejora el rendimiento específico en los atletas de taekwondo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v15i1.6041

Palabras clave:

Deportes de combate, artes marciales, taekwondo, EIAI, fatiga, rendimiento atlético, HIIT

Agencias Financiadoras:

POSTDOC_DICYT, Code, 02164OD, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Chile.

Resumen

Los métodos de entrenamiento específicos son un aspecto importante en la preparación de los atletas de taekwondo. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (EIAI) de corta duración con técnicas específicas de taekwondo sobre el rendimiento anaeróbico. Doce atletas de taekwondo fueron asignados al azar a un grupo control (n=6) o grupo experimental (n=6). El protocolo experimental consistió en 3 bloques de 6 series de esfuerzo total de 10 segundos, con recuperación pasiva de 10 segundos entre series e intervalos de descanso de 1 minuto entre bloques, realizado 3 días por semana durante 4 semanas. Se realizó un análisis de varianza de tres vías (ANOVA) (grupo, serie y tiempo) con mediciones repetidas en los dos últimos factores para comparar el rendimiento durante cada serie de la prueba Frequency Speed Kick Test (FSKT) y un ANOVA de dos vías (grupo y tiempo) con mediciones repetidas se utilizó para comparar el número total de patadas y el índice de fatiga de patadas (IFP). Ambos grupos mantuvieron su entrenamiento regular de taekwondo, que era exactamente el mismo. Antes y después del programa de entrenamiento, los atletas realizaron el FSKT. El grupo experimental aumentó el rendimiento (p <0,01) en cada una de las cinco series de FSKT y en el número total de patadas (p <0,001). No se observó diferencia estadística en el grupo control después de 4 semanas o entre el grupo control y el grupo experimental en ningún momento. Un programa de EIAI de corta duración con técnicas específicas de taekwondo mejoró el rendimiento anaeróbico medido a través del FSKT. Sin embargo, el índice de fatiga no cambió

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Biografía del autor/a

Diego Enrique Aravena Tapia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Professor in Physical Education of the Autonoma University of Chile. Diploma in Sports Training and Specialty AM&DC at the University of Santiago de Chile. Studying Master in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences at Santo Tomas University, Santiago, Chile. Currently serving as coach of the university team of Taekwondo at the Autonoma University of Chile, Santiago headquarters. In relation to Combat Sports, I present 4th dan of Taekwondo WT.

Valeria Roman Barrera, Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Degree in Kinesiology, Autonoma University of Chile, Taekwondo athlete.

Jonatas Ferreira Da Silva Santos, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys

PhD in Sciences. Adjunct professor at Physical Education Department, Health and Biological Science Faculty, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina – Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sport Scientist and leader of Physical Training and Sport Performance Research Group. Develops researches involving combat sports.

Emerson Franchini, University of Sao Paulo

Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil, Coordinator of the Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Consultant of Judo Olympic and World Championship's medal winners, Judo Black Belt 2nd dan.

Pablo Valdés Badilla, Universidad Autónoma de Chile

Professor of Physical Education, Master in Teaching and Pedagogical Innovation and is finishing the PhD Program in Physical Activity Sciences of the Catholic University of Maule, Chile. He currently serves as Administrator ‐ Teacher of the Center for Sports and Health, and as a Teacher ‐ Researcher of the Pedagogy in Physical Education, all employees of the Autonoma University of Chile, Temuco headquarters, Chile. His main lines of research are active aging and AM&DC, with more than 60 indexed publications. In relation to the AM&DC, he has been a national Taekwondo technician and presents the 5th grade degree in the specialty.

Pedro Orihuela, Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Doctor of Science, Associate Professor, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of the University of Santiago de Chile. Head of Laboratory in Reproductive Immunology.

Tomás Herrera Valenzuela, Universidad de Santiago de Chile

PhD in Sciences. Assistant Professor, University of Santiago de Chile, and Santo Tomás University. Consultant of the High-Performance Centre of Chile (Government of Chile) on topics related to applied science in combat sports (Tokyo 2020 process). In relation to the combat sports, he has been a national coach of Taekwondo and presents the 4th grade.

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Publicado

2020-06-05

Cómo citar

Aravena Tapia, D. E., Roman Barrera, V., Da Silva Santos, J. F., Franchini, E., Valdés Badilla, P., Orihuela, P., & Herrera Valenzuela, T. (2020). El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad mejora el rendimiento específico en los atletas de taekwondo. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 15(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v15i1.6041

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