Nanatsu-no-kata, Endo-no-kata, and Joge-no-kata ―A pedagogical and qualitative biomechanical evaluation of Hirano Tokio’s kuzushi (unbalancing) concept as part of skill acquisition for throwing techniques in Kodokan judo

Carl De Crée

doi:10.18002/rama.v9i2.1162

Autores

Carl De Crée Ghent University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v9i2.1162

Palavras-chave:

Hidrodinâmica, Jigoro Kano, judo, kata, kuzushi, cinemática, artes marciais

Entidades:

Professor Attilio Sacripanti, PhD, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Mori Osamu, Hirano Kiyo, Dr. Llyr C. Jones, Drs. ir. Stijn Coertjens, MEng, Department of Chemical Engineering (CIT), Catholic University of Leuven.

Resumo

Hirano Tokio (1922-1993) foi um talentoso campeão de judo que desenvolveu a sua própria aproximação pedagógica no ensinamento e na prática do kuzushi (desequilíbrio) e do tsukuri (preparação), das habilidades decisivas para a aplicação das projeções do judo. No seu enfoque, Hirano enfatiza a utilização de um desequilíbrio rotacional precedido de movimentos estratégicos que imitam ondas. Até ao momento, não se realizou nenhuma análise biomecânica do sistema de ondas de Hirano. O objetivo deste artigo é de proporcionar uma visão detalhada do método didático de Hirano, compará-lo com os ensinamentos tradicionais do Kodokan e avaliar as suas bases biomecânicas. O modelo da dinâmica de fluidos nos diversos tipos de ondas propostas por Hirano é matematicamente complicado e fundamenta-se, em grande medida, nas equações diferenciais de Boussinesq. Devido à implicação de numerosos parâmetros na determinação do comportamento hidrodinâmico da água (profundidade, frequência das ondas, altura, temperaturas, correntes, forma da linha costeira, densidade de agua, vento), os quais estão ausentes em torno de dois judoka em movimento de baixa técnica num tatami, o sistema de Hirano parece estar limitado a uma mera visualização e a uma interpretação metafísica do judo. A ausência dos dados empíricos e experimentais obtidos em grupos numerosos de estudantes treinados de acordo com o método de Hirano impossibilita concluir se este facilita a aquisição das habilidades do kuzushi e do tsukuri. Este termo de kuzushi/tsukuri de Hirano, baseado nas ondas, não modifica a análise biomecânica proposta por Sacripanti, já que não trata de ações gerais invariáveis orientadas a reduzir a distância entre ambos os oponentes, romper com a simetria do oponente e aplicar uma das infinitas opções para consegui-lo.

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Biografia Autor

Carl De Crée, Ghent University

Author's biographical data

Carl De Crée is a Senior Research Professor in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, who at the time this manuscript was written, was affiliated with the University of Rome. Currently at Ghent University, Belgium, he is also a senior scholar in Chinese and Japanese Studies, which he efficiently combines with his expertise as an exercise physiologist and sports medicine specialist. Having conducted research on judo since 1981, he has established a reputation as one of the foremost judo scholars. He is one of only a few technical judo-experts holding an EJU Level-6 Specialized Judo Teacher & High-Performance Coach qualification and a Master’s degree in judo from the University or Rome. He also holds a Trainer-A in judo qualification from the Flemish Trainer School, an International Judo Coach qualification and a Judo Master Teacher Class A Certificate from the United States Judo, Inc. He is research-active in all aspects of judo including medical, physiological, historical, philosophical, technical, nutritional, and pedagogical. He is a former international judo competitor and his expertise has been sought by world elite-class judo athletes. He currently holds a 7^th dan black belt in judo and the title of kyoshi, and is the Instructor-in-Chief of the Royal Judo & Karate Academy Bushido-Kwai Mechlin, Belgium’s oldest judo club.

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