Rendimiento en salto y perfiles de capacidad anaeróbica en campo de atletas amateurs de artes marciales mixtas de nivel internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v20i1.2502Palabras clave:
Artes marciales, deportes de combate, MMA, capacidad anaeróbica, rendimiento neuromuscular, SJFTAgencias Financiadoras:
The authors received no funding for this workResumen
El MMA (artes marciales mixtas) es un deporte de combate que requiere la capacidad de completar acciones repetidas de alto impulso durante 9-25 minutos. En este estudio se presentan por primera vez medidas indirectas del rendimiento neuromuscular de la parte inferior del cuerpo y de las capacidades aneróbicas de atletas de MMA amateur de nivel 3. Una cohorte de n=9 mujeres (edad = 20,5±2,8 años) y n=12 hombres (edad =20,8±1,6 años) realizaron squat jumps, saltos con contramovimiento y drop jumps para proporcionar medidas indirectas de su rendimiento neuromuscular y fuerza reactiva. También realizaron el special judo fitness test (SJFT) como medida indirecta de su capacidad anaeróbica. Las tasas de éxito de los participantes en MMA se determinaron utilizando su porcentaje de victorias en combates de MMA. Las relaciones entre las medidas fisiológicas y las tasas de éxito se calcularon mediante el coeficiente de correlación r de Pearson (p<0,05). Las características de salto de hombres y mujeres fueron en general iguales a las de los atletas de otros deportes de combate, pero inferiores a las de atletas que no son de deportes combate. Los hombres y las mujeres resultaron ser "pobres/muy pobres" en la mayoría de los factores del SJFT. Se observó que el índice de éxito de las atletas de categoría femenina guardaba una relación muy estrecha con las variables de salto (SJ r = 0,713; CMJ r = 0,794; CMJ-AS r = 0,718; todos p<0,05). También, que el índice de éxito de los atletas de categoría masculinas tenía una gran relación con los factores SJFT (nº de proyecciones r = 0,732; índice SJFT r = - 0,648; ambos p<0,05). Estos resultados indican que el éxito de la MMA depende de diferentes factores fisiológicos en cada sexo. Estos resultados también pueden poner de manifiesto aspectos preocupantes en los estándares de rendimiento fisiológico de los atletas de MMA.
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